Journal Entry Question and Answer
by Aekeshra
(Delhi, India)
India Gate, Delhi
(national monument)
Before you begin: It's important for testing and exams to make sure you not only answer questions correctly but also complete them at the right speed. Grab a pen and piece of paper and time yourself while attempting this exercise.
Difficulty Rating:
Intermediate --> Advanced
Time limit:
15 minutes
Question:
Record the journal entries for the following:
1 - Business started with cash 8,000 and plant & machinery 3,000.
2 - Stock purchase for sale (cash purchase) = 3,000, credit purchase = 5,000
3 - Wages paid 120,000 (including 20,000 relating to a future year).
4 - Salaries paid 200,000 but due 110,000.
5 - Sales made for cash 600,000 and on credit 800,000.
6 - Depreciation 10 percent on plant & machinery.
7 - Goods costing 20,000 destroyed by fire.
8 - Payment made to creditors to the value of 200,000 at 10 percent discount.Solution:
1. Dr Cash 8,000
Dr Plant and machinery 3,000
Cr Capital 11,000
2. Dr Purchases 8,000
Cr Cash 3,000
Cr Creditors 5,000
3. Dr Wages (expense) 100,000
Dr Prepaid Wages (asset*) 20,000
Cr Cash 120,000*Note that this is called a
prepayment. A prepayment of a future expense is an asset and is counted as part of debtors - this is because you paid the expense before you should have, so it's like your business is owed the money right now for paying to early.
Note that prepayments are not really covered on this website, but I do go over
them in my
accounting books.4. Dr Salaries (200,000 + 110,000) 310,000
Cr Cash 200,000
Cr Salaries owing 110,000As far as I understand, for journal 4 above, the salaries of 200,000 were actually paid but another 110,000 are still outstanding (salaries "due" means "owed" or "outstanding").
5. Dr Cash 600,000
Dr Debtors 800,000
Cr Sales 1,400,000
6. Dr Depreciation (3,000 x 0.1) 300
Cr Accumulated Depreciation 300
7. Dr Loss due to fire (expense) 20,000
Cr Purchases/Cost of Goods Sold 20,000In the journal entry above, an expense has to be recorded to show the loss. And as a contra entry against this, we have to reduce our purchases account (it is purchases for the
periodic system of inventory) or inventory account (for the
perpetual system).
In the end of the day the debit to purchases or inventory both mean less
cost of goods sold to be shown in the
income statement.
8. Dr Creditors 200,000
Cr Cash 180,000
Cr Discount Received (200,000 x 0.1) 20,000The 10% discount which comes to 20,000 is counted as an income for the business. Of course, only 180,000 is actually paid. This cancels out the entire debt to creditors of 200,000.
Greatful thanks to Manish Kothari and other contributors below for helping to solve this question.
Best,
Michael Celender
Founder of Accounting Basics for Students
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